Thus, antibodies attach to viruses or bacteria to mark them for destruction, the enzyme hexokinase binds glucose and ATP so as to catalyze a reaction between them, actin molecules bind to each other to assemble into actin filaments, and so on. In promoter engineering for tuning the expression of output genes, as well as in metabolicĮngineering for decoupling growth and metabolism, biosensors for sensitive detectionĪnd signal amplification, genetic circuits for programmable biological functionalities,Īnd artificial consortia for cell–cell communication. The biological properties of a protein molecule depend on its physical interaction with other molecules.
These agents will directly target these signaling pathways, and further expand the options available for treatment of osteoporosis. They enable cells to sense and transduce extracellular signals through inter- and intra-cellular communication. We highlight the applications of the yeast mating signal pathway New targets are being sought based on appreciation of the bone biology and signaling pathways involved in bone formation and resorption. During the fusion process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells respond to pheromones to trigger the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)Ĭascade to initiate mating, followed by polarization, cell-wall remodeling, membraneįusion, and karyogamy. Cell fusion is a fundamental biological process that is involved in the development
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